Quantitative simulation of Herat city groundwater using MODFLOW model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61438/jsrqj.v7i4.13Keywords:
Groundwater simulation, Herat city, MODFLOW model, hydrogeology, water resourcesAbstract
Herat city, situated in the southwest region of Afghanistan, is a significant urban center housing approximately one million inhabitants. It is recognized as one of the prominent semi-arid regions within the country, with an average annual rainfall of 200 mm. The hydrological system in Herat relies primarily on three rivers traversing the city, while underground water flow follows a northeast-to-southwest direction based on isopotential lines. Recent years have witnessed a substantial decline in the water table within this area. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the aquifer from a hydrogeological perspective and ensure optimal utilization of underground water resources, a mathematical model of the Herat city aquifer has been developed employing the MODFLOW model. The initial stage of this study involved the collection of essential data encompassing meteorological, hydrological, hydrogeological, and other pertinent field information. Subsequently, leveraging the available data, a fundamental conceptual model of the plain was established. Utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) software, information concerning the alluvial thickness and boundary conditions, including topographic maps and balance sheet data, was processed and incorporated into the mathematical model pertaining to the desired area. The model was executed for the water year 2017-2018, employing 12 discrete time steps. However, during the initial model run, the calculated results and observed data did not fall within the acceptable range, necessitating manual calibration of the model under both permanent and non-permanent conditions.
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